Application Soil Solarization, on the Control of Egyptian Broomrape in Greenhouse

Abstract

The muskmelon (Cucumis melo), is hardly a vegetable, but it is an important truck and garden crop. Cucumber cultivation in the Mediterranean and Midwest region is susceptible to infestation by the parasitic weed Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca),and severe yield losses can result. The effectiveness of solarization, a soil disinfection technique that uses passive solar heating,to control the incidence of broomrape under greenhouse conditions was studied over two growing seasons. Solarization was accomplished by the application of clear polyethylene sheets to moist soil for 63 d during the hot season. The treatment increased maximum soil temperature by around 15 ºC, and at 5 cm below the soil surface, a temperature of more than 45 ºC was reached for 34 to 60 d, whereas this temperature was not reached at all in the first season and not for 20 d (second season) in unmulched soil.In solarized soil, no broomrape shoots emerged, and neither haustoria’s nor underground tubercles of the parasite were found on muskmelon roots. The treatment killed about 93% of buried viable seed, and induced secondary dormancy in the remaining 7%.In nonsolarized plots, broomrape shoots were present at a high density, decreasing plant growth and fruit production. Fruit yield was 83% to 98% higher in the solarized as compared with the nonsolarized treatment. Based on these results, we suggest that soil solarization, which precludes chemical contamination and is suitable for organic farming, is an appropriate technology where the risk of Egyptian broomrape infestation is high.