Nephro-protective effect of (Arachis hypogaea L.) peanut skin extracts on CCl4 induced kidney damage in mice

Arachis hypogaea L. peanut skin protective effect

Abstract

The study aimed to assessment the antioxidant activity of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) skin extracts in male albino mice with administrated intraperitoneally 3 ml/kg CCl₄ to induce nephrotoxicity. The phytochemical analysis of the peanut skin extracts were investigated, the result showed presence of flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, glycosides and tannins in methanolic extract, while alkaloids were not detected in aqueous extract. In addition, individual phenolic composition of peanut skin was analyzed by HPLC method which showed 7 phenolic compounds were detected (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol) in methanolic extract. The nephro-protective effect of peanut skin extract was evaluated in CCl₄ induced renal toxicity. The experiment was conducted in two methods: pre-treatment groups and post-treatment groups. Mice were treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of aqueous and methanolic peanut skin extracts for 35 days before being damaged by CCl₄ (pre-treatment group), and the other groups (post-treatment groups) which  the mice were injected with CCl₄ and received 50 and 100 mg/kg of aqueous and methanolic peanut skin extracts for 35 days. Biochemical studies showed that there is decrease in the levels of serum blood urea and creatinine while increases in the levels of albumin with significant differences (p <0.01) when compared with the CCl₄ treated group. The histopathological examination of kidney obtained from mice with administrated intraperitoneally 3 ml/kg CCl₄ showed histopathological changes in the kidney represented excessive  accumulation of protein material inside the proximal convoluted epithelial cells, while when treated with 100 mg/kg of peanut extract revealed look like normal structure appearance but with certain degenerative changes of the renal tubular epithelium.